Skip to main content

Table 2 Key themes in data analysis

From: Learning to work together – lessons from a reflective analysis of a research project on public involvement

Coded theme

Dimensions of the issue and reflective questions

Choice and limitations

The problem of different roles, scope and resourcing

Who decides? Can PPI representatives change/increase their input if they want to?

Accessibility

Literacy (health, educational, cognitive); mobility; distance; digital.

What are ‘reasonable’ adjustments? Can we ever be inclusive enough?

Diversity

Socio-demographics of the ‘available and willing’ are not reflective of needs for some studies – different models can overcome this but how can we ensure diversity of views?

The ‘professional’ PPI representative – conflict between growing their expertise over time and their need to maintain a ‘lay’ perspective

Team relationships

Important enabler of PPI input and maximising contribution.

Can become obligated/collusive. Need to avoid dependency.

Skills

Interpersonal skills really important especially for the main PPI link. Also understanding of group dynamics.

Both researchers and PPI representatives need to be open to new ideas and learning.

Attitudes

Respect, professionalism, honesty in all concerned (or involved)

Infrastructure

The right inputs at all stages

Gaining and retaining funding

Gaining and retaining skills over time

Using networks

Bureaucratic issues

‘Employment’ or ‘volunteer’ status

Pay/tax/human resource requirements./consequences for benefits

Boundary issues

Risks where personal needs and priorities dominate the PPI input

Pushback – not accepting limits of role or resources

Impact

How do we define and measure impact?!