Table 1 Training program organization and overall content (48 h)

 Getting familiar with the protocol, clarifying each person’s role

Elliott et al., 2002 [27]; Brett et al, 2012 [20].

Phases, inclusion criteria

Interactive presentation (questions and answers)

Main investigator

 Knowing scientific norms

Westfall et al., 2017 [15]

Reliability, coherence

Interactive presentation (questions and answers)

Main investigator

 Identifying adverse events

At the promoter’s request; Westfall et al.,2017 [15]

Risks in terms of hygiene, identity vigilance, medicine, etc.

Presentation, theme-based study of complaints

Public Hospitals of Paris, peer co-organizers

 Identifying causes of adverse events

At the promoter’s request; Westfall et al., 2017 [15]

Human errors, organizational errors, differentiating between mistakes and fault

Videos on analysis of feedback

Public Hospitals of Paris

 Getting familiar with ethical norms

Westfall et al., 2017 [15]

Consent, confidentiality

Case studies, questions and answers

Main investigator

 Understanding the purpose of collaborative research projects

Results from studies, concept of empowerment

Interactive presentation (questions and answers)

Main investigator

 Self-legitimizing, identifying the tensions inherent to the peer researcher position

Gross et al.2017 [23] ; INVOLVE; Devotta, 2014 [13]

Results from the research

Interactive presentation (questions and answers); reflexive exercises

Main investigator

 Creating an interview guide

Based on the results from the focus group

Workshops in small groups

Peer co-organizers

 Collecting qualitative data

Elliott et al., 2002 [27]; Allam et al., 2004 [28]

Saturation, mistakes to avoid

Interactive presentation (questions and answers) and role-plays

Main investigator and peer co-organizers

 Creating good group dynamics, sharing information, identifying answers

An instance that revealed poor group spirit; Elliott et al. 2002 [27],; Nicolaidis et al. 2012 [29], Leese et al., 2018 [30]

Access to health care services, to patients, information on publication projects

Interactive exchanges

Main investigator and peer co-organizers

 Analyzing qualitative data

Faulkner, 2017 [31]

Theory, study of authentic complaints

Theoretical presentation; workshops in small groups

Main investigator

 Making questions easier to understand, making questionnaire easier to handle

Going back on the creation process and examining the questionnaire

Interactive presentation (questions and answers)

Main investigator

 Administering a questionnaire

Theoretical background and mistakes to avoid

Role-plays

Peer co-organizers

 Analyzing and interpreting quantitative data

Jones et al. 2014 [17]

Results from the quantitative study

Workshops in small groups

Main investigator

 Communicate research results

Role playing games

Main investigator