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Table 1 Citizen Science descriptive characteristics (Adapted from Den Broeder et al. 2018, page 507)

From: Community-driven citizen science approach to explore cardiovascular disease risk perception, and develop prevention advocacy strategies in sub-Saharan Africa: a programme protocol

AIMS

1. Investigation: aimed at answering scientific questions

2. Education: aimed at educational goals

3. Collective goods: public health, management of infectious disease, protect and manage natural resources

4. Action: citizens and scientists collaborate to address local concerns through advocacy and community engagement

APPROACHES

A: Extreme (absolute) Citizen Science: Citizens in charge from problem definition, data collection and analysis, to interpretation and knowledge development

B: Participatory Science: Participation of citizens in problem definition and data collection

C: Distributed Intelligence

a. Citizens as basic interpreters

b. Volunteered thinking

D: Crowd Sourcing

a. Citizen as sensors

b. Volunteered computing

c. Group-based reasoning and advocacy

SIZE

1. Local

2. Mass