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Table 1 Example applications of STARDIT

From: Standardised data on initiatives—STARDIT: Beta version

Area

Sub-area

Relevant data categories

Research

Health research

Reporting: Funding, conflicting or competing interests, co-design, experts involved, people affected involved, methods, process for deciding and measuring outcomes, protocols, who is accountable for ensuring protocol is followed, information about data storage, sharing, ownership and custodianship, information about data security practices and standards, information about consent and withdrawal processes evaluation of entire research process, ethical review, information about data analysis and data validation

 

Social research

 
 

Genomics research

 
 

Environmental research

 

Policy

Health and social policy

Reporting: Values of people involved, sources of data and evidence, data on past and current initiatives and spending [156], process for policy (or proposed policy) creation, process for deciding and measuring outcomes, experts involved, people affected involved, policy or manifesto writers, conflicting or competing interests of people involved, purpose of policy (what needs have been identified, how and by who), outcomes from policy (including outcomes measured by those affected by policy), policy evaluation (reporting if it achieved what was intended)

 

Other government policy (transport, arts, education, environment etc.)

 
 

Foreign policy

 
 

Proposed policy (including draft policy and manifestoes)

 
 

International development

 

Education and learning

Educational initiatives

Reporting: Sources of data and evidence for intervention, purpose of intervention, process for educational intervention creation, funding, conflicting or competing interests, experts involved, people affected involved, conflicting or competing interests, process for deciding and measuring outcomes, outcomes from intervention, evaluation of intervention, ethical review

Arts

Community arts projects

Reporting: Purpose of project, process for project design and implementation, experts involved, people from communities intended to benefit involved, funding, conflicting or competing interests, process for evaluating project, project evaluation, project outcomes

 

Arts funding

Reporting: People involved in deciding funding process, purpose of funding, people allocating funding (funding sources), funding amount, conflicting or competing interests, process for deciding outcomes of funding, evaluating the funding allocation process

Information, media and cultural heritage

Health and medical information

Reporting: People involved in researching, writing (including medical writers), creating, reviewing (including peer reviewers), disseminating and funding, information about any potential risks (to human health or lifeforms, natural or cultural heritage), information about who assessed those risks and how (for example, medical information standards [147]), information about consent to appear in images and verified appearances of public figures, information about ownership of data or knowledge (including concepts of intellectual property, copyright and licence information, relevant blockchains and non-fungible tokens), evaluating knowledge translation, reporting impacts and outcomes [89]

 

Disaster and emergency communication

 
 

Public interest, factual information commentary, documentaries and other informative media

 
 

Intangible cultural heritage (including folklore, traditions, language), traditional, local and Indigenous knowledge and wisdom

Reporting: Who created any content containing the Indigenous or traditional knowledge, what tasks they had, how this knowledge was shared and any relevant concepts of ‘owning’ or ‘property’; reporting who knows certain things (for example, people who are recognised as ‘Preservers of Important Intangible Cultural Properties’ [157]); reporting who is recognised as an Elder, community leader, Indigenous elders or leaders (and by who); reporting who does or does not have permission to verify, share, redact or edit content (including stories, beliefs, cultural practices and medicine) [158]; information about data custodianship [50], information about any potential risks (to human health or lifeforms, natural or cultural heritage); information about who assessed those risks and how, information about informed consent process, information about any cultural sensitivities or restrictions (including relevant information about gender, clan, tribe or other culturally constructed groupings) [159,160,161], information about relevant laws and lore [50], ethics processes and their impacts (including who was involved and how) [162], reporting impacts and outcomes from dissemination [89]

 

Tangible cultural heritage (including cultural property [163])

Reporting: Who was involved in creating the property, any concepts of ownership or guardianship in relation to the property, data about ongoing management (including monitoring, exhibiting, restoring or moving), data about cultural significance and stakeholders involved in defining this

 

Hardware designs (including hardware architecture, device designs or other abstract representations)

Reporting: Who was involved in creating the designs and how, who reviewed them and how (including relevant safety, regulation or standards information), what formats are the designs shared as and in what medium, information on licence(s), outcomes and impact of the hardware

 

Code and algorithms

Reporting: Who created code (including algorithms), who is involved in reviewing and scrutinising code (including who is involved in which ethical review processes), what code is part of which distinct projects or forks, what language the code is in, what medium (for example, machine or DNA), information about ownership of data or knowledge (including concepts of intellectual property and copyright), information on licence(s), purpose of code, outcomes and impact of the code

Management and monitoring

Environmental and natural heritage, natural resource management

Reporting: Data about who was involved in service design, monitoring and management processes, data about funding for monitoring or management (for example, funding for pollution monitoring), data about how information will be stored and shared (including what will be redacted and data security), data about who decides what data will be redacted and how this decision is made, information about how data will be analysed (including relevant code and algorithms) and how learning from data will be shared, information about relevant data privacy legislation and regulation

 

Public and private essential services management (health, infrastructure, waste and recycling, water and sewage, electricity)

 
 

Data management and monitoring

 

Evaluation

Process evaluation

Reporting: Data about processes (industrial, public health, organisational) [5], people involved, outcomes

 

Evaluation of participatory methods

Reporting: Data about participatory research methods (including ‘citizen science’ [18], ‘co-design’, ‘co-production’ and ‘co-evaluation’, ‘participatory action research’ [17] and ‘public involvement’),evaluate methods and compare outcomes [164]

 

Transparent rating

Reporting: Processes of transparency rating (or ‘scoring’) data quality about initiatives based on how much information about the initiatives is shared in a publicly accessible way (or reasons for redaction, including Indigenous knowledge)

Production, consumerism and business

Industry standards

Reporting: Internal processes and data sharing practices of self-regulating industry standards (for example, the Forest Stewardship Council, Marine Stewardship Council [54]. and Certified B Corporations [55].), data sharing principles, process evaluation (including by those affected)

 

‘Green’ industries and eco-tourism

Reporting: Transparent process for defining ‘green’ and ‘eco’, experts involved, people affected involved, process for deciding and measuring outcomes, outcome measures, evaluation of process

 

Infrastructure, construction and interiors

Reporting: Transparent reporting of sources of building and furniture materials, such as wood (including relevant DNA information to verify sources of timber), metals and other materials (including information verifying the supply chain is slavery free), data from building and structural assessments

 

Finance and financial services

Reporting: Who is involved in decision making (including investment and divestment), who scrutinises decision making, who is involved in holding individuals to account and who scrutinises this process, competing or conflicting interests of people involved in decision making, data about how concepts such as ‘ethical investments’ are defined, impacts or outcomes from investments or donations, data sharing practices and security practices, data about who scrutinises security practices

 

Donation and philanthropy

Reporting: Any stated purposes or caveats for donation, organisations or individuals donating, how money was spent, who was involved in deciding how it was spent, what was the method for deciding this, who is accountable for overseeing this, any outcomes or impacts

 

Other products (medical devices, electronics)

Reporting: Experts involved in production, other people involved in production process, resources involved in production process (including relevant DNA information to verify products from plants, animals and fungi), ingredients, funding for resources (for example demonstrating it is ‘slavery free’), process reporting (including Good Manufacturing Practice), regulation and authorisation processes (for example medicines and medical devices), code and algorithm checking (for example, autonomous vehicles) process for designing impact assessment, impact assessment (including human and environmental), experts involved in dismantling process (including recycling), other people involved in dismantling process and disposal, evaluation of product according to transparently-decided outcome measures

Products for human use or ingestion

Food

 
 

Medicines

 

Products for non-human lifeforms

Food

 
 

Medicines

 
 

Other products

 

Health Technology assessment

Assessment process for pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures and organisational systems used in health care [165]

Reporting: Process for deciding health technology assessment (oversight and scrutiny), sources of data and evidence, process for deciding and measuring outcomes, experts involved, people affected involved, conflicting or competing interests, outcomes from assessment decisions (including outcomes measured by those affected by assessment decisions), collation of adverse event reports from Governments and reputable sources, assessment evaluation (did it achieve what was intended?), results of economic evaluations

Health and social care and services

Health care and services

Reporting: Process for assessing needs (including who was involved, the method and budget), process for prioritisation of services (including budgets and ‘rationing’ decisions), process for designing and implementing service or care (including who was involved, the method and the budget), process for evaluating service or care (including impacts), patterns for evaluating service improvement initiatives, process for reporting adverse events and malpractice (including the overview and scrutiny of this process), process for identifying patterns of sub-optimal service, process for responding to malpractice or other identified issues, process for identifying impact indicators (including geolocation data)

 

Social care and services

 

Other services